When the apostle Paul traveled to Troas, the disciples there met “on the first day of the week…to break bread” i.e. observe the Lord’s Supper (Acts 20:7). This is the first reference in the New Testament to Christians meeting on Sunday instead of the Sabbath or Saturday for worship. They chose to meet on Sundays because this was the day of the week on which the Lord Jesus rose from the dead (cf. John 20:1, 19; I Corinthians 16:2; Revelation 1:10).
However, there are some religious groups (e.g. Seventh Day Adventists, Seventh Day Baptists, etc.) who insist that Christians must meet on Saturdays to obey God’s command to keep the Sabbath (cf. Exodus 20:8-11; 31:16). Some groups go so far as to teach that you must keep the Sabbath to go to heaven. The apostle Paul addresses those who teach such things in the book of Galatians where certain Jewish teachers were pressuring the Galatian believers to go back under the Law to be justified or saved.
Paul was astonished that the Galatian Christians were “turning away so soon” just months after he had preached the gospel of Christ’s grace to them “to a different gospel” which taught you had to keep the Law to get to Heaven (1:6-7; 2:3-4, 11-16; 3:2-3, 5, 10-13, 21; 4:10, 21; 5:1b-3, 6, 11; 6:12-13, 15). Hence, the good news of justification by faith alone in Christ alone (2:16) had now been distorted by false teachers so that it had become bad news. Instead of relying on the finished work of Christ on the cross as the only means of salvation, these false teachers said you also had to be circumcised (2:6-9; 5:1-6) and observe both Jewish dietary laws (2:11-21) and Jewish sacred days (including the Sabbath) and festivals (4:8-11).
Paul warned his readers that if he and the other apostles (“we”) or “an angel from heaven” preached a different gospel than what Paul preached to them, he is to be “accursed” or under God’s displeasure (1:8-9). Paul used the words “believe” and “faith” fifteen times when referring to justification before God (2:16; 3:2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 22, 24, 26) in the book of Galatians. He used no other words as a condition for justification. He warned the Galatians not to support or join those who do not preach a “believe/faith alone” Gospel (1:6- 9; 4:12, 21-30; 5:1-12; 6:17). It does not matter how kind or helpful a person is who teaches a different gospel. They are “accursed” by God if they preach a different way to heaven other than faith alone in Christ alone.
Those who teach that you must keep the Sabbath to be saved have been “bewitched” or cast under a spell (Galatians 3:1) into thinking that their obedience to the Law will justify them before a holy God. They have rejected the sufficiency of Jesus’ finished work on the Cross and His resurrection from the dead (John 19:30; I Corinthians 15:3-6; Hebrews 10:1-18). Instead of teaching you must rely on the finished work of Jesus alone to get to heaven, they are teaching you must rely on Christ plus your obedience to the Law. They are telling God the Father that His Son’s death was disappointing. In their words, Jesus only paid for some of their sins, and now they must pay for the rest of their sins by keeping the Sabbath.
Sabbath keepers fail to realize that the Bible requires them to keep all of the Law, not just the Sabbath Law to be justified by works. The Bible says, “For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all” (James 2:10). It is not enough to keep the Sabbath Law, you must keep the entire Law if you are to be justified before God through the Law. And the Bible says that is not going to happen because “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23; cf. 2:13-3:20).
Sabbath keepers fail to realize that the Sabbath Law was uniquely given to the nation of Israel to distinguish them from other nations (cf. Exodus 31:13-17; Deuteronomy 5:15; Ezekiel 20:12-13). The church today is no longer under the Mosaic Law which required Sabbath keeping as a sign between Israel and God (Exodus 31:13; Ezekiel 20:13), but is now under the New Covenant (cf. Jeremiah 31:31-34; Romans 7:5-6; 10:4; Galatians 3:22-25; 4:21-31) which was inaugurated by the death of Jesus Christ (cf. Hebrews 8:8-13; 9:11-10:18).
As a result of the New Covenant, the church no longer observes the ceremonial laws such as circumcision and Sabbath keeping (Acts 15:1-29; Galatians 6:15; Colossians 2:16-17). God and His Word are unchanging, but some of His commands relate only to certain people or a certain time. While God’s moral law never changes, Christians are not subject to the ceremonial law of the Old Testament (Mark 7:14-19; Acts 11:5-9; 15:1-29). Although Jesus, Paul, and James affirmed the moral law of the Old Testament; they referred to some of the Ten Commandments as eternal moral standards, but they did not mention the Sabbath law in these references (Matthew 5:21-30; Mark 10:19; Romans 2:22-24; 13:8-10; James 2:10-11). In fact, Jesus never promises to give eternal life to those who keep the Sabbath. He only gives eternal life to those who believe in Him (cf. John 3:15-16; 5:24; 6:40, 47; 11:25-26).
God used the ceremonial law – including blood sacrifices, dietary laws, circumcision, Sabbaths, and feasts as shadows of truth to be found in Christ and His gospel. Since we now have the substance or reality of Christ, we no longer need to observe the types and shadows. “So let no one judge you in food or in drink, or regarding a festival or a new moon or sabbaths, which are a shadow of things to come, but the substance is of Christ” (Colossians 2:16-17). When Christ came, He explained that the Mosaic Law was no longer binding (cf. Mark 7:18-19; Luke 16:16; John 1:17) as did the apostles (cf. Acts 10:12-15; Romans 7:6; 10:4; 2 Corinthians 3:6-17; Galatians 3:19-25; 4:9-11; 5:1; Hebrews 7:12; 8:1-10:17). The emphasis on keeping the Sabbath really amounts to a failure to appreciate Christ and what He has done to secure our eternal salvation! It also leads to bondage instead of freedom from the Law (Romans 7:6; Galatians 4:9-31; 5:1).