“Truly, these times of ignorance God overlooked, but now commands all men everywhere to repent.” Acts 17:30
When the apostle Paul preached to “Epicurean and Stoic philosophers” (atheists and pantheists) in the idolatrous city of Athens on Mars Hill (17:16-22), he began by acknowledging that they were “very religious” (17:22b) which expressed their longing to connect with their “UNKNOWN GOD…whom” they “worship without knowing” (17:23). Paul masterfully begins with God as everyone’s Creator (17:24-29) and then brings His audience to God as everyone’s Judge (17:30-31).
As their Creator, “God…made the world and everything in it, since He is the Lord of heaven and earth” (17:24). He sustains “all things” and is not dependent on anyone for His needs (17:25). The true God is the source of all people whom He “has made from one blood” [Adam] to dwell on all the …earth,” having “determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings” (17:26). God’s sovereign control over the times and locations of people was so they “should seek the Lord…and find Him” (17:27).
Paul then cited two of their Greek writerswho said, “For we are also His offspring” (17:28). Since God created people, then it is illogical to conclude that God can be made from materials like “gold or silver or stone” (17:29).
As their Judge, “God overlooked” these “times of ignorance” when He had not revealed as much about Himself before Christ (17:30a). “But” now that God has revealed more of Himself to people through Jesus Christ, He “now commands all men everywhere to repent” (17:30b). Paul invites them to “repent” (metanoeō) or change their mind about Christ and see that He is the One who “will judge the world in righteousness” (17:31a). The proof that Jesus is qualified to judge humanity is that God raised “Him from the dead” (17:31b).
This is what makes Christianity distinct from all other religions. The founders of all other religions are still in their graves, including Mohammed of Islam, Buddha of Buddhism, Confucius of Confucianism, Joseph Smith of Mormonism, Charles Taze Russell of the Jehovah Witnesses, Rubin Ecleo of the Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Assoc., and Felix Manalo of the Iglesia ni Cristo. But Christians worship a Jesus Christ who rose from the dead and remains alive today!
Christianity is reasonable because it is based upon historical facts. There are a number of very strong evidences for the resurrection of Jesus Christ:
1. The historical record. The Bible explains Jesus was “declared to be the Son of God with power… by the resurrection from the dead” (Romans 1:3-4). The proof that Jesus rose from the dead was that He was seen alive after His death by over five hundred eyewitnesses (I Corinthians 15:3-8). Just as history proclaims that Ferdinand Marcos was the President of the Philippines (1965-1986), so history proclaims that Jesus Christ was resurrected from the dead. The resurrection of Christ is the most attested fact of history.
Thomas Arnold authored a three-volume history of Rome and was appointed to Oxford’s Chair of Modern History. Concerning the evidence behind the resurrection of Jesus Christ, he said, “I have been used for years to study the histories of other times, and to examine and weigh the evidence of those who have written about them, and I know of no one fact in the history of mankind which is proved by better and fuller evidence of every sort, to the understanding of a fair inquirer, than that Christ died and rose from the dead.”
Frank Morison, a British trial lawyer, vowed to write a book disproving Christianity and committed to base his book on a collection of facts. Using a critical method of evaluation and despite his initial beliefs, he concluded that Christianity is true. The resurrection convinced him, and he wrote a book entitled Who Moved the Stone? which begins with the chapter, “The Book that Refused to Be Written.”
Intellectual atheists such as Josh McDowell and Lee Strobel set out to disprove Christianity only to be persuaded that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is true! They have written books containing the strong evidences that persuaded them to become Christians (see The New Evidence that Demands a Verdict (1999) and Evidence for the Resurrection (2004) by Josh McDowell and The Case for Easter (2004) and The Case for Christianity (2014) by Lee Strobel. Another proof of Jesus’ resurrection is…
2. The change in the lives of the disciples. These disciples were not shrewd men who figured out some weird way to start a new religion. They did not say, “Let’s get our Leader killed off. Then we’ll go hide out in an upper room and then all of a sudden we will have a new hope.” These were depressed people. They were hiding for fear of the Jews (cf. Mark 16:14; Luke 24:11; John 20:19). All of a sudden their lives were changed overnight! And they went out preaching the gospel without fear (Acts 2:14ff). What happened to them? The resurrection of Jesus Christ. The third proof of Jesus’ resurrection is…
3. The silence of Jesus’ enemies. If you are one of Jesus’ enemies (the Romans or Jewish Pharisees), and you have the disciples going around saying Jesus is alive and it’s bringing people away from your faith to a new faith, what would you do to stop them? Go find the dead body of their leader. “If I could find the dead body of Jesus Christ, it would bring this entire movement to a stop.” But they couldn’t find the body. Why? Because there was no dead body to be found because Jesus rose from the dead! We will never hear a news report saying that they found the dead body of Jesus Christ because He is risen, and He remains alive today (I Corinthians 15:1-8)! The fourth proof of Jesus’ resurrection is…
4. The changed lives of people today. Because Jesus Christ is alive today, He changes sinners into saints, promiscuous people into pure people, hateful people into loving people, greedy people into generous people, impatient people into patient people. But sometimes, an unbeliever will say, “I believe in this Eastern mysticism philosophy. It has changed my life just like your belief in Jesus Christ. What is the difference?” The difference is an empty tomb. The difference is we have a reality behind our faith. It’s not just a philosophy. We have evidence for our minds.
When Paul’s audience “heard of the resurrection of the dead… some mocked” ( Acts 17:32) but “some men joined him and believed” in the risen Lord Jesus Christ (17:34).
When sharing the gospel with intellectuals, begin with what is familiar to them and then share the truth of the gospel with them, citing sources that will encourage them to agree with the truth. Give them evidence for their minds. Christianity is reasonable because it is based upon historical facts. Let the Holy Spirit persuade them to change their mind about Christ (repent) so they can believe in Him for His gift of everlasting life (cf. 17:30, 34).
When Paul said God “overlooked these times of ignorance” (17:30) when people had limited revelation before Christ came to earth, they were still guilty as sinners before a holy God and would be separated from Him forever if they did not believe in Jesus (cf. John 3:36; Romans 5:12-14). This reminds us of an important truth: when greater revelation of God is given to us through Jesus Christ, there is now greater responsibility for both believers and unbelievers (cf. Matthews 12:38-42; 23:14; Mark 12:40).
For Christians, this means we must take the gospel to everyone because God “commands all men everywhere to repent” (Acts 17:30a). But people everywhere cannot repent or change their mind about the greater revelation of Jesus if believers do not go to them and share Christ with them (cf. Romans 10:14-15). Likewise, now that Jesus has come, God will hold non-Christians more accountable for responding to Jesus in faith. The key for non-Christians is to respond positively to the light or revelation that God has given to them so that He will give them more light, including the gospel of Christ (cf. Romans 1:18-24). Then they can believe in Him.